Bacau
County
Archaeological
testimonies about the Bacau settlement situated on the mid course
of the Siret river date back to the Palaeolithic. They go to prove
not only the existence of an active population but also the close
ties established between the inhabitants of those parts and the people
throughout Moldova, eastern Transilvania, and Tara Romaneasca (Wallachia).
The preservation of Palaeolithic traces confirms the existence of
man in the Bacau expanse more than 10,000 years BC. Most fascinating
are the vestiges unearthed at Bogdanesti-Oituz, Viisoara-Targu-Ocna,
Targu-Trotus, Comanesti, etc. Much more numerous are the settlements
of the Bronze Age. To this date, 250 such sites have been discovered,
where numerous and significant relics of the Dacian tribes, creators
and carriers of the Bronze culture, were found. Several settlements
of the Iron Age revealed coins, imported items like amphorae, cups,
saucers and pitchers similar to those unearthed at the Tomis and Histria
digs. Frequent vestiges of the Roman civilisation have also been brought
to light. The existence of well-organised and intensely
populated villages in these parts is attested by the mentions of localities
around Bacau made in very old documents of the Moldovan princely chancellery.
The first such documents go back to 12 March 1399.
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Geographical
Outline
Today,
Bacau county, situated at the cross-roads of important communication
means and waterways, takes up a surface of 662,052 hectares, representing
2.8 per cent of the country’s total territory. Lying 302 km away from
Bucharest, on European route E85, it borders to the west with Covasna
and Harghita counties, with Vaslui county to the east, Neamt county
to the north, and Vrancea county to the south. The county is covered
in proportion of 48.5 per cent by farming land and 39.8 per cent by
forests (beech, oak, pine, spruce fir). The variegated relief contours
feature equally distributed mountains, hills, plateaux and plains,
dropping in altitude from 1,664 m in the west (the Tarcaului Mountains)
to 100 m in the east (the Siret River Valley). The network of waters
is basically made up of the waters in the middle basin of the Siret
and the storage lakes built on the lower course of the Bistrita, Tazlau,
Uz and Siret. If in the 14th-15th century Bacau was an important town
of crafts and trade, a customs point and an administrative centre
of the lower region, in the first decades of the 19th century it saw
the establishment of the first joint ventures dealing with the exploitation
and processing of petroleum and wood, as well as the first paper,
cloth, fabric, footwear and ready-mades mills. In point of territorial-administrative
organisation, Bacau county is made up of 87 territorial-administrative
units, two municipalities (Bacau and Onesti), six towns (Buhusi, Comanesti,
Darmanesti, Moinesti, Slanic-Moldova, and Targu-Ocna) and 79 communes.
On 31 August 1997, Bacau Municipality, the county seat of Bacau county,
recorded 208,556 inhabitants, being the 12th town in Romania in terms
of number of inhabitants. The population of 745,443 inhabitants on
31 August 1997 places Bacau county sixth after Bucharest Municipality,
Prahova, Iasi, Dolj and Constanta Counties. The average density in
Bacau county is of 112.86 inhabitants per sq. km, with higher figures,
up to 230 inhabitants per sq. km in the industrialised area where
more than 50.54 per cent of the country’s population is living.
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Touristic
Information
The Bacau county
is situated in the Eastern part of Romania, it is 2,8 per cent of
Romania's surface. The
Municipality of Bacau is the capital city of this county. The
land of Bacau county which has a varied and picturesque relief with
the Eastern Carpathians and hilly regions washed by the Bistrita,
Trotus, Siret, Tazlau, Casin and Slanic Rivers with their wonderful
valleys and rich flora, is an important point of tourist attraction
consisting in watering places, different natural landscapes, historic
and art monuments, memorial houses. Of
its surface, 26,700 ha are covered by forests. The cultivated fields
are the other part. At the end of 1995 the population was of 753,479
inhabitants. Administratively,
this county has two municipalities (Bacau and Onesti), six towns (Buhusi,
Comanesti, Darmanesti, Moinesti, Slanic-Moldova, Tg. Ocna) and 79
villages. The
lengths of the railways is of 226 km (of which 191km are electrified),
and the one of roads which cross this county is of 2,301 km; five
national roads start from Bacan City. There is also an airport in
Bacau. Mainly
there are 14 hotels with 2,431 places, 21 tourist cottages with I
,292 places, 4 inns and motels with 114 places,4 camping grounds with
634 places, 6 school( camps and one tourist pension with 28 places.
The cure,
transit and rest are the main tourist activities of this county. The
main points of tourist interest are Slanic Moldova, Poiana Sarata.
Tg. Ocna and Poiana Uzului. For cure Slanic Moldova is well-known
both home and abroad thanks to its special therapeutical elements
as well as to its picturesque landscape being named the Pearl of Moldavia.
The table bicarbonated, chlorosoda, lightly sulphumus, non-thermal
waters are used to cure the digestive. liver-biliary, breathing, metabolic
and nutrition, urogenital as well as the degenerative rheumatismal,
cardiovascular. endocrine, gynaecological diseases as connected diseases,
neuroasthenia and the occupational diseases. The
accommodation can be done in hotels, villas and tourist balneary hospitals.
In Tg. Ocna
there is the biggest underground sanatorium in Europe, places inside
of an old salt mine. It is usefully to cure the breathing diseases
(ill children are recovered about 90 per cent). There are beds, bowling
alley, sport grounds inside the huge underground halls. The
place named Tescani remembers George Enescu, the great Romanian musician
who composed here the Oedip opera and also here, in his wife. Maria
Cantacuzino's house. important personalities of the time used to come.
The restored building hosts the "Rosetti Tescanu-George Enescu"
Cultural Center. Here
in Tescani some important events are organized year by year: the "Enescu
Moldavian Orpheus" Festival, the international plastic art Camp,
the Gala of young concert performers. In
Bacau city there is also the "George Apostu" international
cultural Center as well as the Memorial House of Romanian poet George
Bacovia.
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Economy
Profile
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